Justify the Conclusion Questions

The Justify Formula is a useful tool for understanding how these questions work.
When approaching a question, first separate the answers into Contenders and
Losers. Then apply the Justify Formula to the remaining Contenders.
The correct answer to this problem could just as easily be, “3 apples and 2 oranges.”
Although the oranges are superfluous, the 3 apples alone would justify the conclusion. This
separates Justify answers from Assumption answers, which would never contain extraneous
information.
Justify the Conclusion questions require you to select an answer choice that
logically proves the conclusion of the argument. The correct answer proves the
conclusion by adding a piece of information to the premises that makes the
reasoning structure valid. In this sense, Justify questions are perfect
strengthening questions: the correct answer will strengthen the argument so well
that the conclusion must follow from the combination of the premises and the
correct answer choice.
To solve this type of question, apply the Justify FormulaTM:
Premises + Answer choice = Conclusion
If the answer choice is correct, the application of the Justify Formula will
produce the given conclusion. If the answer choice is incorrect, the application
of the Justify Formula will fail to produce the given conclusion.
Consider the following example:
Premise: John has exactly 2 apples.
Conclusion: John has exactly 5 apples.
What statement can be added to the argument above to conclude that it must be
true that John has exactly 5 apples? Apply the Justify Formula:
Premises + Answer choice = Conclusion
2 apples + ? = 5 apples
The correct answer would of course be 3 apples. Admittedly, this is a simple
example, but all Justify questions work along this same model.