Part 28
167. dome
a. rounded
b. geodesic
c. governmental
d. coppery
168. recipe
a. desserts
b. directions
c. cookbook
d. utensils
169. hurricane
a. beach
b. cyclone
c. damage
d. wind
170. autograph
a. athlete
b. actor
c. signature
d. pen
171. town
a. residents
b. skyscrapers
c. parks
d. libraries
172. wedding
a. love
b. church
c. ring
d. marriage
173. faculty
a. buildings
b. textbooks
c. teachers
d. meetings
174. cage
a. enclosure
b. prisoner
c. animal
d. zoo
175. directory
a. telephone
b. listing
c. computer
d. names
176. contract
a. agreement
b. document
c. written
d. attorney
177. saddle
a. horse
b. seat
c. stirrups
d. horn
178. vibration
a. motion
b. electricity
c. science
d. sound
179. cell
a. chlorophyll
b. nucleus
c. nerve
d. human
180. champion
a. running
b. swimming
c. winning
d. speaking
181. glacier
a. mountain
b. winter
c. prehistory
d. ice
Answers:
167. a. A dome is a large rounded roof or ceiling, so
being rounded is essential to a dome. A geodesic
dome (choice b) is only one type of dome.
Some, but not all domes, have copper roofs
(choice d). Domes are often found on government
buildings (choice c), but domes exist in
many other places.
168.b. A recipe is a list of directions to make something.
Recipes may be used to prepare desserts
(choice a), among other things. One does not
need a cookbook (choice c) to have a recipe,
and utensils (choice d) may or may not be used
to make a recipe.
169.d. A hurricane cannot exist without wind. A beach
is not essential to a hurricane (choice a). A hurricane
is a type of cyclone, which rules out
choice b. Not all hurricanes cause damage
(choice c).
170. c. Without a signature, there is no autograph.
Athletes and actors (choices a and b) may sign
autographs, but they are not essential. An autograph
can be signed with something other than
a pen (choice d).
171. a. Residents must be present in order to have a
town. A town may be too small to have skyscrapers
(choice b). A town may or may not
have parks (choice c) and libraries (choice d),
so they are not the essential elements.
172.d. A wedding results in a joining, or a marriage, so
choice d is the essential element. Love (choice
a) usually precedes a wedding, but it is not
essential. A wedding may take place anywhere,
so a church (choice b) is not required. A ring
(choice c) is often used in a wedding, but it is
not necessary.
173. c. A faculty consists of a group of teachers and
cannot exist without them. The faculty may
work in buildings (choice a), but the buildings
aren’t essential. They may use textbooks (choice
b) and attend meetings (choice d), but these
aren’t essential either.
174. a. A cage is meant to keep something surrounded,
so enclosure is the essential element. A prisoner
(choice b) or an animal (choice c) are two
things that may be kept in cages, among many
other things. A zoo (choice d) is only one place
that has cages.
175.b. A directory is a listing of names or things, so
choice b is the essential element. A telephone
(choice a) often has a directory associated with
it, but it is not essential. A computer (choice c)
uses a directory format to list files, but it is not
required.Names (choice d) are often listed in a
directory, but many other things are listed in
directories, so this is not the essential element.
176. a. An agreement is necessary to have a contract. A
contract may appear on a document (choice b),
but it is not required. A contract may be oral as
well as written, so choice c is not essential. A
contract can be made without an attorney
(choice d).
177.b. A saddle is something one uses to sit on an animal,
so it must have a seat (choice b). A saddle
is often used on a horse (choice a), but it may
be used on other animals. Stirrups (choice c)
are often found on a saddle but may not be
used. A horn (choice d) is found on Western
saddles, but not English saddles, so it is not the
essential element here.
178. a. Something cannot vibrate without creating
motion, so motion is essential to vibration.
179.b. The essential part of a cell is its nucleus.Not all
cells produce chlorophyll (choice a). Not all
cells are nerve cells (choice c). All living things,
not just humans (choice d), have cells.
180. c. Without a first-place win, there is no champion,
so winning is essential. There may be
champions in running, swimming, or speaking,
but there are also champions in many other
areas.
181.d. A glacier is a large mass of ice and cannot exist
without it. A glacier can move down a mountain,
but it can also move across a valley or a
plain, which rules out choice a. Glaciers exist in
all seasons, which rules out choice b. There are
many glaciers in the world today, which rules
out choice c.
Next
167. dome
a. rounded
b. geodesic
c. governmental
d. coppery
168. recipe
a. desserts
b. directions
c. cookbook
d. utensils
169. hurricane
a. beach
b. cyclone
c. damage
d. wind
170. autograph
a. athlete
b. actor
c. signature
d. pen
171. town
a. residents
b. skyscrapers
c. parks
d. libraries
172. wedding
a. love
b. church
c. ring
d. marriage
173. faculty
a. buildings
b. textbooks
c. teachers
d. meetings
174. cage
a. enclosure
b. prisoner
c. animal
d. zoo
175. directory
a. telephone
b. listing
c. computer
d. names
176. contract
a. agreement
b. document
c. written
d. attorney
177. saddle
a. horse
b. seat
c. stirrups
d. horn
178. vibration
a. motion
b. electricity
c. science
d. sound
179. cell
a. chlorophyll
b. nucleus
c. nerve
d. human
180. champion
a. running
b. swimming
c. winning
d. speaking
181. glacier
a. mountain
b. winter
c. prehistory
d. ice
Answers:
167. a. A dome is a large rounded roof or ceiling, so
being rounded is essential to a dome. A geodesic
dome (choice b) is only one type of dome.
Some, but not all domes, have copper roofs
(choice d). Domes are often found on government
buildings (choice c), but domes exist in
many other places.
168.b. A recipe is a list of directions to make something.
Recipes may be used to prepare desserts
(choice a), among other things. One does not
need a cookbook (choice c) to have a recipe,
and utensils (choice d) may or may not be used
to make a recipe.
169.d. A hurricane cannot exist without wind. A beach
is not essential to a hurricane (choice a). A hurricane
is a type of cyclone, which rules out
choice b. Not all hurricanes cause damage
(choice c).
170. c. Without a signature, there is no autograph.
Athletes and actors (choices a and b) may sign
autographs, but they are not essential. An autograph
can be signed with something other than
a pen (choice d).
171. a. Residents must be present in order to have a
town. A town may be too small to have skyscrapers
(choice b). A town may or may not
have parks (choice c) and libraries (choice d),
so they are not the essential elements.
172.d. A wedding results in a joining, or a marriage, so
choice d is the essential element. Love (choice
a) usually precedes a wedding, but it is not
essential. A wedding may take place anywhere,
so a church (choice b) is not required. A ring
(choice c) is often used in a wedding, but it is
not necessary.
173. c. A faculty consists of a group of teachers and
cannot exist without them. The faculty may
work in buildings (choice a), but the buildings
aren’t essential. They may use textbooks (choice
b) and attend meetings (choice d), but these
aren’t essential either.
174. a. A cage is meant to keep something surrounded,
so enclosure is the essential element. A prisoner
(choice b) or an animal (choice c) are two
things that may be kept in cages, among many
other things. A zoo (choice d) is only one place
that has cages.
175.b. A directory is a listing of names or things, so
choice b is the essential element. A telephone
(choice a) often has a directory associated with
it, but it is not essential. A computer (choice c)
uses a directory format to list files, but it is not
required.Names (choice d) are often listed in a
directory, but many other things are listed in
directories, so this is not the essential element.
176. a. An agreement is necessary to have a contract. A
contract may appear on a document (choice b),
but it is not required. A contract may be oral as
well as written, so choice c is not essential. A
contract can be made without an attorney
(choice d).
177.b. A saddle is something one uses to sit on an animal,
so it must have a seat (choice b). A saddle
is often used on a horse (choice a), but it may
be used on other animals. Stirrups (choice c)
are often found on a saddle but may not be
used. A horn (choice d) is found on Western
saddles, but not English saddles, so it is not the
essential element here.
178. a. Something cannot vibrate without creating
motion, so motion is essential to vibration.
179.b. The essential part of a cell is its nucleus.Not all
cells produce chlorophyll (choice a). Not all
cells are nerve cells (choice c). All living things,
not just humans (choice d), have cells.
180. c. Without a first-place win, there is no champion,
so winning is essential. There may be
champions in running, swimming, or speaking,
but there are also champions in many other
areas.
181.d. A glacier is a large mass of ice and cannot exist
without it. A glacier can move down a mountain,
but it can also move across a valley or a
plain, which rules out choice a. Glaciers exist in
all seasons, which rules out choice b. There are
many glaciers in the world today, which rules
out choice c.
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